What Hormone Shifts Really Mean During And After Pregnancy

Pregnancy and postpartum bring more than just physical changes. Hormone fluctuations influence everything from mood and sleep to appetite and energy levels. Recognizing how these shifts unfold can help new mothers better prepare for the mental and emotional impact that often accompanies physical transformation.

During Pregnancy

During pregnancy, estrogen and progesterone levels rise steadily to support fetal development and maintain the uterine lining. Human chorionic gonadotropin, or hCG, surges in the early weeks and plays a role in maintaining pregnancy, which can also trigger nausea. By the third trimester, hormones like relaxin begin loosening joints and ligaments, helping the body prepare for delivery. These chemical shifts can also affect brain function, often contributing to what many refer to as “pregnancy brain,” which is typically temporary.

After Birth

After birth, hormone levels drop quickly, particularly estrogen and progesterone. This sharp decline is linked to mood changes, fatigue, and sometimes postpartum depression. At the same time, oxytocin increases to help with bonding and breastfeeding, while prolactin supports milk production. The body’s endocrine system gradually stabilizes, but this can take weeks or even months depending on the individual.

Motherhood is About Big Transitions

Understanding these transitions is especially important for those who choose to become a surrogate. Hormonal recovery still occurs even when the baby is placed with another family, and the physical and emotional effects of postpartum remain present. Support and monitoring are still essential during the recovery period.

While each experience varies, recognizing that hormonal changes are both natural and impactful can make a difference in how women care for themselves during and after pregnancy. Open conversations with healthcare providers and trusted support systems are essential to ensuring a smoother adjustment and long-term well-being.

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